Abstract: As a representative achievement and major institutional innovation in ecological civilization construction in China, the ecological conservation redline has been playing an important role as a bottom-line constraint in ecological and environmental protection and has been made significant results. In light of the strategic goals of building a beautiful China, comprehensively building a modern socialist country and strictly safeguarding the bottom line of national ecological security, strengthening the supervision of the ecological conservation redline is a major issue in the new era. This article summarizes relevant policy documents, standards and regulations formulated by the national and local authorities since the concept of ecological conservation redline was proposed. This article analyzes the main problems and challenges in actual supervision work, such as the lack of laws, prominent ecological damage issues, and increasing risks of natural disasters. To provide a pathway for strengthening the national ecological security bottom line for building a beautiful China, this article puts forward a series of measures to enhance the supervision of the ecological conservation redline, such as optimizing the construction of policy systems, enhancing interdepartmental coordination, increasing the detection of ecological damage issues, and improving supervisory capabilities.