Abstract: Communities in China's national parks face dual challenges of community transformation and risk prevention, creating an urgent need for systematic resilience assessment. Existing studies have proposed generic resilience assessment frameworks applicable to communities in general, but the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of community resilience within the national park context remain unclear. Here, we investigated 13 communities within and surrounding Wuyishan National Park. Based on grounded theory, we identified the major disturbance types affecting these communities and developed a community resilience assessment indicator system across ecological, economic, and social dimensions. We then analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of community resilience, identified key influencing factors, and proposed optimization strategies for classified regulation. We found that: (1) In 2022, communities in Wuyishan National Park experienced six major disturbance factors, including industrial development constraints, natural disasters, policy changes, outdated infrastructure, population mobility, and the COVID-19 pandemic, with industrial development constraints having the greatest impact; (2) Overall community resilience exhibited a spatial distribution pattern of lower levels within the national park and higher levels in the surrounding communities. Specifically, communities within the park had low ecological and social resilience but high economic resilience, whereas surrounding communities had high ecological resilience, with economic and social resilience varying significantly across different areas; (3) Ecological resilience was significantly positively correlated with social resilience (r=0.608). The proportion of mountain forest area (0.825) and the proportion of ecological public welfare forests (0.775) were identified as the two most influential factors affecting overall community resilience. (4) Based on the resilience assessment results, we classified the communities into five types: ecological protection, general control, cooperative protection, characteristic agriculture, and visitor service. Corresponding optimization strategies for classified regulation were proposed. Our study develops a community resilience assessment framework for China's national parks, reveals the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of community resilience in Wuyishan National Park, and provides a novel perspective and empirical evidence for the classification-oriented governance of national park communities from a resilience perspective.