基于红外相机技术的北京市十三陵林场兽类和鸟类多样性调查

Survey on Mammal and Bird Diversity in the Beijing Ming Tombs Forest Farm Based on Infrared Camera

  • 摘要: 为掌握北京市十三陵林场野生动物资源现状, 于2021年5—12月及2023年1月—2024年11月, 运用红外相机技术对区域内兽类与鸟类多样性开展系统调查。监测期间共布设红外相机点位97个, 累计有效相机工作日达26 447 d, 获取独立有效照片13 047张。结果表明: (1)拍摄到兽类独立有效照片7 365张, 鉴定出兽类5目10科15种, 位点占有率(P)排名前5的野生兽类物种依次为野猪(Sus scrofa)、亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)、岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)和花面狸(Paguma larvata), 相对多度指数(RAI)排名前5的野生兽类物种依次为野猪、岩松鼠、亚洲狗獾、蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)和花面狸。(2)拍摄到鸟类独立有效照片5 682张, 鉴定出鸟类13目30科72种, 位点占有率排名前5的野生鸟类物种依次为环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythroryncha)、喜鹊(Pica serica)、山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis)和北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus), 相对多度指数排名前5的野生鸟类物种依次为红嘴蓝鹊、环颈雉、喜鹊、山斑鸠和大嘴乌鸦(Corvus macrorhynchos)。(3)日活动节律表明, 岩松鼠为昼行性动物, 亚洲狗獾、花面狸为偏夜行性动物, 蒙古兔和野猪为昼夜兼性动物。监测结果反映了北京市十三陵林场区域内兽类和鸟类的资源现状, 也为进一步开展生物多样性保护和管理提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: To assess the current status of wildlife resources in the Beijing Ming Tombs Forest Farm, infrared camera trapping was employed to monitor the diversity of mammals and birds in the area from May to December 2021 and from January 2023 to November 2024. During the monitoring period, 97 infrared camera sites were deployed, accumulating 26 447 effective camera-days, and 13 047 independent valid photos. The results are as follows: (1) 7 365 independent and valid photos of mammals of 15 species belonging to 10 families and 5 orders were captured. The top 5 wild mammal species ranked by site occupancy (P) were Sus scrofa, Meles leucurus, Sciurotamias davidianus, Prionailurus bengalensis, and Paguma larvata, while the top 5 ranked by relative abundance index (RAI) were Sus scrofa, Sciurotamias davidianus, Meles leucurus, Lepus tolai, and Paguma larvata. (2) 5 682 independent and valid photos of birds of 72 species belonging to 30 families and 13 orders were captured. The top 5 wild bird species ranked by site occupancy were Phasianus colchicus, Urocissa erythroryncha, Pica serica, Streptopelia orientalis, and Phoenicurus auroreus, while the top 5 ranked by relative abundance index were Urocissa erythroryncha, Phasianus colchicus, Pica serica, Streptopelia orientalis, and Corvus macrorhynchos. (3) The daily activity rhythm showed that Sciurotamias davidianus was a diurnal animal, Meles leucurus and Paguma larvata were crepuscular animals, and Lepus tolai and Sus scrofa were cathemeral animals. The monitoring results reflect the current status of mammal and bird resources in the Beijing Ming Tombs Forest Farm and provide a scientific basis for further biodiversity conservation and management.

     

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