Abstract: To comprehensively understand the status of amphibian and reptile composition in the Putian Laoyingjian Provincial Nature Reserve, a systematic field survey was conducted from June 2023 to September 2024. A total of 28 amphibian species, belonging to 21 genera, 8 families, and 2 orders, and 60 reptile species, belonging to 37 genera, 15 families, and 2 orders, were recorded. Among these, four species are listed as Class Ⅱ nationally protected wildlife in China. The study reveal that the amphibian and reptile fauna in the reserve are dominated by Oriental species, exhibiting distinct biogeographic affinities. Biodiversity analysis reveal that reptile species diversity is higher than that of amphibians, while differences in habitat preference and ecological traits significantly influence their distribution patterns. This research enhances the understanding of amphibian and reptile diversity in the reserve, provides a scientific basis for their conservation and management, and offers valuable guidance for biodiversity conservation efforts in the region.