桂北地区低镉富硒水稻品种筛选

The Variety Screening of Cadmium-low and Selenium-rich Rice in Northern Guangxi

  • 摘要: 选取桂北地区种植的10个水稻品种作为试验对象,在天然硒镉高含量背景区开展田间小区试验,测定不同品种水稻的农艺性状、产量和不同部位镉(Cd)、硒(Se)含量等指标,对比参试品种糙米低Cd富Se效果,探究糙米中的Se和Cd含量与土壤性状间的相互关系及其影响因素。结果表明,供试水稻品种间产量差异明显,变幅为0.420~0.581 kg·m-2,其中野香优2号、泰优390、德优108和10香优郁香的稻谷产量均高于供试品种产量均值。除野香优2号外,不同部位Cd含量呈现根>其他节>穗下第1节>穗轴≈其他叶>剑叶>颖壳>糙米,以根部积累较高。参试水稻糙米Cd含量在0.156~0.296 mg·kg-1之间,其中野香优2号、五优1179、泰优390、隆香优华占和德优108的糙米Cd含量低于GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中限量值。供试水稻不同部位Se含量高低呈现根>剑叶>颖壳>其他节>穗下第1节>其他叶≈穗轴>糙米。供试水稻糙米Se含量变幅为0.058~0.101 mg·kg-1,均达到GB/T 22499—2008《富硒稻谷》中富硒大米的标准(0.04~0.30 mg·kg-1)。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明,DTPA-Cd含量、pH值和土壤全量Cd含量(S-Cd)是糙米Cd、Se含量的主要影响因子,其中糙米Cd含量(R-Cd)与土壤pH值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与DTPA-Cd含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。基于聚类分析和稻谷产量,适合在桂北地区高硒镉安全利用类耕地种植的水稻品种为野香优2号,既能保障富Se稻米安全生产,又能保证水稻相对高产。

     

    Abstract: 10 rice varieties in northern Guangxi, China were selected as experimental objects, and field plot experiments were conducted in areas with high natural background of selenium and cadmium. Agricultural characteristics, yield, and the contents of Cd and Se in different parts of rice were measured to compare the effect of reducing Cd and enriching Se in brown rice of different varieties and explore the correlation between both Se and Cd in brown rice and soil properties as well as their influencing factors. Results show that there was a significant difference in yield among the tested rice varieties, with a range of 0.420 to 0.581 kg·m-2. Among them, the grain yield of Yexiangyou 2, Taiyou 390, Deyou 108 and 10 xiangyouyuxiang was higher than the mean yield of the tested varieties. Except for the variety Yexiangyou 2, the Cd content in different parts showed the order of roots > other nodes > the first node beneath rice panicle > rachises≈other leaves > flag leaves > chaffs > brown rice, with higher accumulation in the roots. The Cd content in the brown rice of the tested rice varieties ranged from 0.156 to 0.296 mg·kg-1, and the Cd content in brown rice of Yexiangyou 2, Wuyou 1179, Taiyou 390, Longxiangyouhuazhan and Deyou 108 met the national food safety standard (0.20 mg·kg-1). The Se content in different parts of the tested rice varieties showed the order of roots > flag leaves > chaffs > other nodes > the first node beneath rice panicle > other leaves≈rachises > brown rice. The Se content in the brown rice of the tested rice ranged from 0.058 to 0.101 mg·kg-1, all meeting the standard of "selenium-enriched rice" (0.04-0.30 mg·kg-1). The correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicate that DTPA-Cd, pH, and S-Cd were the main influencing factors for Cd and Se content in brown rice. Among them, R-Cd showed a significant negative correlation with soil pH (P < 0.05) and a significant positive correlation with DTPA-Cd (P < 0.01). Based on cluster analysis and rice yield, the rice variety Yexiangyou 2 is suitable for cultivation in the Cadmium-enriched, Selenium-rich farmland in northern Guangxi, China. It can guarantee the safe production of selenium-enriched rice and ensure relatively high rice yield.

     

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