Abstract: Evaluating river health conditions based on biological assessment is one of the methods commonly used in river protection and management. Through investigation and study on the community structure and diversity of algae, benthic animals, fish and aquatic plants in the main rivers of Dezhou City, an evaluation index system for aquatic biological integrity was established. Temporal and spatial differences in the aquatic biological integrity of rivers in each basin in Dezhou City were explored. The results show that the aquatic biological integrity in rivers (reach sections) of Dezhou City was generally moderate. The Dehuixin River was the best (63.56, Good). The status of Tuhai River (58.18) and Zhangweixin River (51.30) were general, and the status of Majia River was the worst with the aquatic biological integrity of only 47.39. On a spatial scale, the aquatic life of rivers flowing through urban areas was inferior to that of other rivers (reach sections); the status of the upper reaches of the four river basins was better than that of the lower reaches. On the time scale, the aquatic biological integrity of the river during the wet season (August) was better than that during the dry season (November). Based on the assessment of aquatic biological integrity of rivers in Dezhou City, this study can provide methods for the development of aquatic biodiversity protection and ecological restoration measures in the region.