Construction of Ecological Restoration Complex in Urban Industrial and Mining Areas from the Perspective of Restoration Ecology

The ecological restoration of urban mining wasteland has always attracted great attention, particularly regarding the transformation of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." in mining areas. Currently, the implementation of new urbanization strategies and urban renewal initiatives presents valuable opportunities for mine area ecological restoration. In this study, we first analyzed the connotation of mining wasteland, urban and mining areas as well as nature-based solutions (NbS) and synergistic governance of ecology and environment. Secondly, we proposed a measurement method for synergistic governance of ecology and environment in mining areas, encompassing 17 indicators across three dimensions: ecological damage restoration, environmental pollution control and synergistic governance management. Finally, we clarified the goals of ecological restoration in mining area, the key processes involved in construction of ecological restoration complex (ERC), and the methods for dividing ecological restoration into stages. The construction of ERCs in mining areas is characterized by the synergistic governance of ecology and environment, as well as coordinated regional development. The primary objective is to promote the transformation of restored environments into "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.", realize the value of ecological products, and address the challenges of diversified, market-oriented ecological investment. Notably, the boundaries of the mining areas determined based on ecology and environment should be scientific, dynamic and practical. Meeting stable ecological and environmental quality standards forms the foundation for the construction of ERCs in mining areas. Our findings could provide theoretical support for the scientific formulation of ecological restoration targets in mining areas and the promotion of ecological product marketization.