Ecological Function Zoning Based on the Spatial-temporal Change Pattern of Ecosystem Services and Their Trade-offs: A Case Study of the Chaobai River Basin

Ecological function zoning based on spatial-temporal distribution pattern of ecosystem services and their trade-offs can support multiple ecosystem services coordinating in specific regions, differentiated management strategies clarifying, and regional sustainable development promotion. This study analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics of three ecosystem services in the Chaobai River basin from 2000 to 2020, including food production, water conservation and recreation through 3S technology and spatial analysis methods. The correlation coefficient, trade-offs and synergies degree and root mean square deviation were calculated to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services. The intensity and spatial distribution pattern of trade-offs and synergies relations is clarified. The ecological functions zoning is carried out according to the trade-off and its intensity between ecosystem services. Finally, the corresponding suggestions for optimizing and regulating ecosystem services in each zone are proposed. The research results indicate that: (1) The recreation and food production services show an increasing trend, while the water conservation service shows a fluctuating trend. (2) There is a trade-off between water conservation and food production, as well as recreation; there is a synergy between food production and recreation. The spatial distribution differences of trade-offs/ synergies between ecosystem services are significant. (3) The trade-off intensity between water conservation and food production is the strongest, followed by the trade-off between recreation and water conservation. The trade-off intensity between food production and entertainment is the weakest. All of the three trade-off intensity showed an increasing trend with time. (4) The Chaobai River basin is divided into four ecological functional zones including core area of agricultural production, ecological development area of agriculture, core area of water conservation, ecological development area of water conservation. Differentiated management suggestions for each zoning are proposed accordingly. The research results can provide reference for the coordinated development and spatial planning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.