Study on Bird Diversity in Suzhou Based on POI Data and MaxEnt Model

Bird communities in urban environments exhibit a robust dependence on food availability and habitat suitability, forging intricate connections between urban avifauna and environmental dynamics. Taking Suzhou City as the study area, the study extracted key environmental factors that affecting the survival and reproduction of urban birds, used point of interest (POI) data to construct a multi-category POI kernel density index, and revealed the influence of different urban spatial layouts on bird distribution. By collecting bird distribution data from 2020 to 2022, using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model, the potential suitable habitats for 205 bird species within the Suzhou area is simulated, and the spatial distribution patterns and hotspot areas of bird diversity are analyzed. The results show that the MaxEnt model has a high level of credibility (with an average AUC value of 0.854). Land use type, normalized difference vegetation index, and distance to green spaces are the main environmental variables influencing the spatial distribution of birds in Suzhou. The differences between forest birds and water birds are mainly influenced by canopy height and distance to water sources. Based on partial correlation analysis, among the 12 POI kernel density factors, rural residential land use has the greatest effect on bird distribution, indicating that while urban development is important, it is also necessary to focus on maintaining ecological balance in rural areas.