Abstract: Triggered by the drastic decline of the global biodiversity,the signatories of the"Convention on Biological Diversity"held a conference in 2002 endorsing the 2010 biodiversity target,i.e."to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global,regional,and national levels".In this review,background of the generation and main contents of the 2010 target are analyzed,indicators for appraisal of the 2010 target discussed,and progresses towards the 2010 target at the global and national levels summarized.At the end,prospects of the 2020 target and strategic priorities and supporting mechanism for its implementation are presented.