Abstract: Many villages and townships in China have shown the phenomenon of "five Changes" (non-agriculturalization of economy, population aging, empty and desolation, pollution, and impoverishment). There is a problem of disharmony occurred between the development of rural and townships and the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Especially, in the context of the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, a large number of production elements will be invested in the countryside, so this contradiction would become increasingly prominent. On the other hand, there is a lack of accurate accounting of key resources and environmental constraints and stress factors at the operational level in the management, and there is also a lack of basis for implementing the rural and township development mode and development direction. In this paper, the concept and research progress of resources and environment carrying capacity of rural and township development are defined; the resource and environment division and function type division of rural and township development are carried out; the key constraint factors and threshold calculation principle of water, land and ecology of rural and township development are developed; the comprehensive calculation logic framework of resource and environment carrying capacity of rural and township development are formed, and the key issues and prospects of research on resource and environment carrying capacity of rural and township development are finally pointed out.