Abstract: With the development of urbanization and industrialization, ecological environment problems have been increasing imminently. Ecological vulnerability has become a hot spot study area of global change and land use/cover change. This paper demonstrates an illustrative analytical framework for assessing ecological vulnerability in Beijing City by spatial principal component analysis resolutions. And ecological vulnerability index system for multiple spatial variables, based on remote sensing data of the year of 2013 and other aspects of spatial ecological environment data, was established from ecological sensitivity index (ESI), ecological elasticity index (EEI) and ecological pressure index (EPI). The results are as follows:(1) Beijing's overall ecological vulnerability is at medium level, but the urban vulnerability index is higher than other districts (extremely high and highly vulnerable areas account for 34% of the total area of Beijing), and the vulnerability index of mountain forest areas are relatively lower (general vulnerability areas account for 11% of total areas). (2) The weight coefficients of ecology sensitivity, elasticity and pressure are 0.196, 0.526 and 0.278. (3) EVI, ESI, EEI, EPI are closely related to LUCC for significant correlations, and the correlation between construction land and EVI is the largest (Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.80). In short, ecological protection measures have good effects on ecological restoration, and some effective measures should be carried out for urban ecological protection.