Abstract: A field experiment consisting of four treatments:Treatment DF₀(artificial wetland with monoculture of wild rice stem or Zizania latifolia without fertilization), Treatment DF_C(artificial wetland with monoculture of wild rice stem with conventional fertilization), Treatment GF_C(artificial wetland with wild rice stem-duck symbiosis and conventional fertilization), and Treatment GF_50%C(artificial wetland with wild rice stem-duck symbiosis and 50% of the conventional fertilization), was laid out and carried out at the Aquatic Vegetable Production Base in Xiaoji Town of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The water used in the experiment was diverted from fish ponds near the test area. Dynamics of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the surface water and organic matter and available nutrients in the soil of the treatments were analyzed. Results show that in Treatment DF₀, seven days after the eutrophied water was diverted from the fish ponds, the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus fell to 21.27% and 15.58% of the peak value, respectively. For treatments with normal fertilizeration (DF_C), seven days after fertilization the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface water fell down to 8.21% and 6.51% of their peak value, respectively. In Treatment GF_50%C, about 82.81% and 84.25%, respectively, of the N and P in the eutrophic water was removed, and there was no significant difference found between Treatment GF_50%C and Treatment DF_C in N and P removal rate. Compared with Treatment DF_C, Treatment GF_50%C not only maintained the yield of wild rice stem and the economic benefits of the system at the same level, but also improved the contents of soil organic matter and available nutrients. In Treatment GF_C and Treatment GF_50%C about 4 500 m³·hm^-2 of eutrophied water from the fish ponds were used to sustain growth of wild rice stem, containing N and P, equal to 83.55 kg urea and 46.50 kg superphosphate. Consequently, Treatment GF_50%C can not only purify the eutrophied water effectively by removing N and P through harvesting of the crop, but also improve soil quality and economic benefits.