Abstract: Naturalness, biodiversity, representativeness, rarity, ecological fragility, size suitability and human activity were selected as factors for the evaluation of Huangcangyu Nature Reserve in Xiaoxian County of Anhui Province. By grading and weighting of these factors, the composite evaluation index (CEI) of the Reserve was calculated to be 0.71. The results of the evaluation show that the ecological quality of the Reserve is relatively high. Since the biological diversity of Xuzhou region is seriously threatened, so that the Reserve is vital to the conservation of biodiversity in this region. The problems existed in the Reserve have been analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures have been proposed.