Abstract: The water resources in the hilly land regions of the Middle Reaches of Changjiang River maintain the ecosytem′s water equilibrium and support agricultural sustainable development. The obstacle to further development is the uneven distribution of rainfalls. A few suggestions are put forward: strengthening engineering measures and improving water storing ability to ensure water equilibrium of the ecosystem; widely adopting ecological measures such as soil mulching and fertilizing; popularizing the use of water saving irrigation technology to support further development of hilly land agriculture.