Abstract: The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, Jan.29, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, May 15-26, 2000 will exert a profound impact on international trade of genetic modified organisms (GMOs) and their products. The background of the drafting and negotiations of the protocol is expounded and the potential effects of various articles of the protocol on international trade of GMOs are analyzed. Based on the status quo of GMOs importation and domestic research and development of biotechnology in China, the tendency for importing foreign biotechnology and GM products after China accedes to WTO is explored. Meanwhile, strategies and countermeasures are brought forth to control and regulate importation of foreign GMOs in the course of implementing the protocol.