Abstract: Structures and diversities of spider communities in four different types of hedgerows, such as Amorpha fruticosa, Vetiveria zizanioides, Eulaliopsis binata and Medicago sativa, were investigated using the method of direct visual observation during the winter wheat and summer maize growing seasons from April 2006 to September 2007 in the purple soil hilly areas of Sichuan Basin. Results show that in 2006, a total of 3 074 spider individuals under 48 genera, 16 families were found with Lycosidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae being the dominateding families, and in 2007 a total of 3233 spider individuals under 51 genera, 14 families were caught , with Lycosidae and Salticidae being the dominateding families. During the wheat and maize growing seasons in 2006 and 2007, spiders in different types of hedgerows followed a basically similar trend in variation of the number of individuals, which peaked after wheat or maize was harvested; the number of spider individuals was significantly greater after the harvest than before the harvest. Significant differences were found between hedgerows in number of individuals, species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index H’ of spiders. The hedgerows of A.fruticosa, E.binata and M.sativa were higher than that of V.zizanioides in all the three indices. The Jaccard coefficients of the four types of hedgerows showed that the spider communities in the hedgerows of A.fruticosa, E.binata and M.sativa were quite high in similarity, but quite different from that in the hedgerow of V.zizanioides ,which suggests that vegetation structure has a significant impact on structure of the spider community. Grassy hedgerows provide a better shelter for spiders than shrubby hedgerows, and spiders in the hedgerow of tussock are higher in diversity than those in other types of grass hedgerows.