Abstract: Her'er Village in Shizong County of Yunnan Province was chosen as a case of study for analysis of change in agricultural germplasm resources diversity therein and its causes. And a total of 66 kinds of agricultural germspasm resources were collected and collated.Strategies for protection of the resources in those villages have been discussed. Results show that the diversity in the village was quite abundant before 1980, but it was affected by a series of factors, such as modern farming and economic development, losing a great number of indigenous varieties, and most of the preserved indigenous varieties were closely related to the local traditional life style and production, especially culture of the nationality. Take Hei'er glutinous rice as an example, causes of its preservation and the threats it is faced with were analyzed.Meanwhile,some other indigenous varieties or species, like rape, ginger, peanuts and so on, were also found of high value worthy preserving in the village. These findings suggest that community-specific strategies and policies, such as ecological compensation, stimulation of villagers' enthusiasm, utilization of the strength of traditional knowledge and culture, exploitation and development to the full extent of the indigenous agricultural germplasm resourcesm, and village-based farmer household responsible conservation, should be taken to promote preservation and sustainable utilization of the valuable indigenous varieties.