氮磷钾配施对青冈属植物容器苗生长和生理特性的影响

    Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Container Seedlings of Cyclobalanopsis

    • 摘要: 为探究氮磷钾配比施肥对青冈属植物容器苗生长的影响, 以3年生青冈栎、小叶青冈和多脉青冈为试验材料, 采用正交试验设计, 研究了9种氮磷钾配比条件下3种青冈属植物生长指标和生理指标的变化, 利用主成分分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价, 筛选最佳配比。结果表明: (1)综合分析株高增量、地径增量、地上部分干重和地下部分干重4项指标, 青冈栎T6(高氮中磷中钾)处理各项指标值均较高, 小叶青冈T1(高氮高磷低钾)和T6处理各项指标值均较高, 多脉青冈T7(中氮中磷低钾)处理各项指标值均较高; (2)综合分析叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶面积3个叶片指标, 青冈栎T3(高氮低磷高钾)、T8(中氮低磷低钾)处理各项指标值均较高, 小叶青冈在T4(低氮高磷高钾)处理下3项指标值均较高, 多脉青冈在T5(中氮高磷高钾)、T8和T9(低氮低磷中钾)处理下3项指标值均较高; (3) T8处理下青冈栎和多脉青冈综合评价指数最高, T4处理下小叶青冈综合评价指数最高。因此青冈栎和多脉青冈3年苗可采用尿素0.217 g·株-1+过磷酸钙0.160 g·株-1+氯化钾0.154 g·株-1的配比进行施肥, 小叶青冈3年苗可采用尿素0.109 g·株-1+过磷酸钙0.640 g·株-1+氯化钾0.231 g·株-1的配比进行施肥。

       

      Abstract: To investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) ratio fertilization on the growth of Cyclobalanopsis container seedlings, a study was conducted using 3-year-old seedlings of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (C. glauca), Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia (C. myrsinifolia), and Cyclobalanopsis multinervis (C. multinervis) as experimental materials. An orthogonal experimental design was employed, examining changes in growth and physiological indicators under nine N-P-K ratio treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function method were used for comprehensive evaluation to screen the optimal fertilization ratio. The results show that: (1) Based on a comprehensive analysis of height increment, ground diameter increment, aboveground dry weight, and underground dry weight, treatment T6 (High N, Medium P, Medium K) yielded higher values across all four indicators for C. glauca. For C. myrsinifolia, treatments T1 (High N, High P, Low K) and T6 resulted in higher values. Treatment T7 (Medium N, Medium P, Low K) produced higher values for C. multinervis. (2) Comprehensively analyzing leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area, treatments T3 (High N, Low P, High K) and T8 (Medium N, Low P, Low K) yielded higher values for C. glauca. Treatment T4 (Low N, High P, High K) resulted in higher values for C. myrsinifolia. Treatments T5 (Medium N, High P, High K), T8, and T9 (Low N, Low P, Medium K) yielded higher values for C. multinervis. (3) The comprehensive evaluation index was highest for C. glauca and C. multinervis under treatment T8, and highest for C. myrsinifolia under treatment T4. Therefore, the optimal fertilization ratio for 3-year-old C. glauca and C. multinervis seedlings is urea 0.217 g + calcium superphosphate 0.160 g + potassium chloride 0.154 g per container/plant. For 3-year-old C. myrsinifolia seedlings, the optimal ratio is urea 0.109 g + calcium superphosphate 0.640 g + potassium chloride 0.231 g per container/plant.

       

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