Abstract: The survival of amphibian and reptile populations is under multiple pressures globally, and their populations have shown a clear downward trend, so it is urgent to carry out surveys to conserve amphibian and reptile biodiversity. In order to comprehensively understand the current status of amphibian and reptile diversity in Shexian County, Anhui Province, a survey was carried out in May, August and October 2023 using line-transect, supplemented with fence traps. This survey divided Shexian County into 28 10 km by 10 km survey sample areas, and 3 to 5 line-transects were set up in each sample area, each with a length of not less than 200 m. A total of 258 line-transects and 32 fence traps were set up in this survey. A total of 2 221 amphibians were recorded, belonging to 2 orders, 7 families, 18 genera and 22 species, including one invasive species: the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana); 532 reptiles, belonging to 1 order, 8 families, 17 genera and 20 species. The analysis of their diversity shows that, due to the differences in the breeding periods of different species, more species and numbers of amphibian species than reptiles were found in this survey, and that the zelkova frog (Fejervarya multistriata) and the blue-tailed skink (Plestiodon elegans) were the dominant species of amphibians and reptiles, respectively. The diversity of amphibians and reptiles is high and the homogeneity is low. Stream-type amphibians and shrub rock-gap reptiles have the highest diversity indices. This survey shows that the amphibians and reptiles in Shexian County have important conservation value, which can help to comprehensively understand the herpetofaunal resources in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and provide basic information for their scientific protection and management.