外源菌剂对棉花秸秆堆肥过程中微生物群落及腐熟效果的影响

    Influence of Exogenous Microbial Agents on Microbial Community and Maturity Effect During Cotton Straw Composting

    • 摘要: 为探究外源菌剂对棉花秸秆堆肥过程中微生物群落及腐熟效果的影响, 以棉花秸秆为原料, 设计3组堆肥处理, 采用液体菌剂接种后发酵35 d的堆肥工艺, 分别接种0.5%的菌剂T1和菌剂2, 其中菌剂T1包括假氧芽孢杆菌(Anoxybacillus rupiensis)、依利诺斯类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus illinoisensis)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis); 菌剂T2包括假氧芽孢杆菌、依利诺斯类芽胞杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和噬热地芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus thermoleovorans), CK为不接种菌剂的对照组。结果表明, 接种微生物菌剂能够不同程度加速堆肥升温, 促进有机物料降解及养分保留, 提高堆肥腐熟度和种子发芽率, 并显著提高纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率。对堆肥过程中的微生物群落分析表明, 接种菌剂提高了微生物群落的多样性, 改变了微生物群落的演替规律, 激发了潜在功能细菌类群, 细菌类群主要包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、高温双岐菌属(Thermobifida)、尿素芽孢杆菌属(Ureibacillus)和糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora); 真菌类群包括Vishniacozyma、Unclassified_f_Dipodascaceae和枝孢菌属(Cladosporium), 它们与有机质的降解相关。冗余分析发现, pH值和TOC含量是堆肥过程中细菌群落变化的主要驱动因子, 而C/N比等环境因子对真菌群落的变化起重要作用。总体而言, 接种菌剂能够促进堆肥腐熟进程, 改善微生物菌群, 减少堆肥过程中养分流失, 提高堆肥产品质量, 其中菌剂T1的整体堆肥效果更优。

       

      Abstract: To explore the influence of exogenous microbial agents on microbial community and maturity effect during cotton straw composting, three treatments were designed with using cotton straw as raw material, and the composting process was carried out by inoculating liquid microbial agents and fermenting for 35 days. Inoculating 0.5% of the microbial agent T1 (Anoxybacillus rupiensis + Paenibacillus illinoisensis + Bacillus velezensis) and the microbial agent T2 (Anoxybacillus rupiensis + Paenibacillus illinoisensis + Bacillus velezensis + Geobacillus thermoleovorans), respectively, CK was the control group without microbial inoculation. Results show that inoculation microbial agents could accelerate temperature rise, promote the degradation of organic matter and nutrient retention, improve the compost maturity and seed germination rate, and significantly improve the degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Analysis of microbial community during composting showed that inoculation with microbial agent improved the diversity of microbial community, changed microbial community succession, and stimulated the potential functional bacterial taxa (Bacillus, Thermobifida, Ureibacillus and Saccharomonospora) and fungal group (Vishniacozyma, Unclassified_f_Dipodascaceae and Cladosporium), which were related to the degradation of organic matter. Redundancy analysis show that pH and TOC were the main driving factors of bacterial community change during composting, while environmental factors such as C/N played an important role in the formation of fungal community. Overall, inoculation with microbial agents could promote the composting process, improve microbial flora, reduce nutrient loss during composting and improve the quality of compost products, among them, the overall composting effect of microbial agent T1 was better.

       

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