Abstract: In order to accurately evaluate the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure in typical areas of Henan Province and its influence factors, on the basis of nutrient balance theory, we describe the supply and demand of livestock and poultry manure, and the scale of breeding and quantity of livestock and poultry in this province. Grey correlation analysis is used to evaluate factors that affecting land carrying capacity. In general, demand for nutrients from manure exceeds supply; risks of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution exist in some counties; the total moderate breeding scale of livestock and poultry is 88.715 million head, with a remaining breeding capacity of 33.899 million head; and this moderate breeding scale differs significantly among counties. Factors that affecting land carrying capacity, ranked from highest to lowest, are: cultivated land area > proportion of cereal planting area > amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit land area > total power of agricultural machinery. These results provide a scientific basis on which the layout of regional agriculture industry can be adjusted, and new ways to improve the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure can be explored.