Abstract: The sustainable construction of rural energy structure is an important part of optimizing the existing energy consumption structure in rural areas, implementing joint air pollution prevention and control, and achieving carbon emission reduction goals. Using a sample of 1 113 rural households from the 2018 "Rural Energy, Population Transfer and Welfare" survey, Probit regression analysis and Tobit regression models were used to analyze the impact of farm households′ livelihood capital on their consumption choices of combined energy. The results show that (1) The human capital significantly promotes the consumption of commodity energy and clean energy. (2) The natural capital is significantly and positively correlated with the consumption of non-commodity energy and conventional energy, and the opposite with the consumption of new energy and clean energy. (3) The physical capital is significantly and positively correlated with the consumption of commodity energy, and the opposite with the consumption of conventional energy. The findings reveal that livelihood capital has a significant impact on the choice of combined energy consumption of farmers, and the optimization of farmers′ human capital and the accumulation of physical and financial capital make it easier for farmers to form cleaner and lower carbon combined energy consumption habits. This paper proposes to optimize the stock of livelihood funds and raise awareness of energy conservation in rural areas while improving related supporting facilities and increasing farmers′ willingness to protect the environment, so as to promote the prcesses of green and low carbon energy consumption in rural areas.