Abstract: The bacterial diversity and community structure of soil alkaline phosphatase genes in different land use types were studied to provide a reference for the impact mechanism of the loss of bacterial diversity in ionic rare earth mining areas. Taking the abandoned farmland in the mining area (mine tail water irrigated) as the control, soil samples of parly tail water irrigated farmland and spring water irrigated vegetables, Camellia oleifera and Citrus reticulata were collected. In order to explore soil acidification and bacterial response of phoD gene. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community characteristics of the phoD gene. The chemical properties of the soil were measured. The results show that there are significant differences in pH among different land use types. Tail water irrigation exacerbates soil acidification. The OTUs and Shannon index of phoD gene bacteria were in the order of vegetables land > Camellia oleifera land > Citrus reticulata Barco land > farmland > abandoned farmland. There were significant differences in phoD bacterial community structure among different land types. The dominant phyla are Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria. The dominant bacteria of abandoned farmland and farmland were Bradyrhizobium (64.7%) and Pseudomonas (47.7%), respectively. The abundance of Gemmata, Stella, unspecified Planctomycetes and Rhodoplanes in the two types of soil were significantly lower than that in soil of other lands (P < 0.05). The pH and available phosphorus content were significantly and positively correlated with these bacteria. PCA analysis showes that phoD gene bacterial communities were similar between abandoned farmland soil and farmland soil (P < 0.05). This study showes that there is a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and phoD gene bacterial abundance. Tail water irrigation affected the community structure and diversity of phoD gene bacteria by affecting the physico-chemical properties of soil such as pH and available phosphorus content.