Abstract: Butterflies are important ecological and ornamental insects; however, the butterflies in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Chongqing have not been systematically investigated and analyzed. The present study morphologically identified the butterflies collected from 2012 to 2019 in the Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, and butterflies housed in Insect Collection of Chongqing Normal University. A total of 569 butterflies were identified in the Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, and they belong to 5 families, 79 genera and 128 species, including 2 newly recorded genera and 8 newly recorded species for Chongqing and 5 newly recorded genera and 32 newly recorded species for the Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve. Among the 5 families, the family Nymphalidae has the richest biodiversity with 31 genera and 49 species, followed by Lycaenidae (20 genera, 27 species), Hesperiidae (17 genera, 26 species), Papilionidae (5 genera. 16 species) and Pieridae (6 genera, 10 species). The family Hesperiidae has the highest species richness index, reaching 3.920, followed by Nymphalidae (3.130), Lycaenidae (2.486), Papilionidae (1.985) and Pieridae (1.015). Resulted from the fauna analysis for these species' distribution in the world zoogeographic regions, the species in the reserve belong to both the Oriental region and the Palearctic region have the highest proportion, 63.98%, followed by Oriental region (34.12%), and only 1.9% of species are cosmopolitan distributed. Resulted from the analysis of Chinese zoogeographic regions, these butterfly species in the reserve have 31 distribution patterns, and 27.01% of species are commonly distributed across Southwest-South-Central China zoogeographic subregions, and 14.7% of species are across Southwest-Central-South-North China zoogeographic subregions. The study is of importance for understanding, conservation and utilization of butterfly biodiversity in Chongqing as well as in the reserve.