Abstract: In this study, the per capital ecological well-being and eco-economic efficiency models were firstly constructed on the basis of the improving ecological well-being accounting method by introducing the contribution rate of the ecosystem which was supported by the ecosystem service theory. Furthermore, ecological well-being zoning model was proposed from the perspective of relative justice and efficiency. And then the potential indexes of ecological well-being were calculated by using the above-mentioned models. Lastly, the temporal-spatial pattern of ecological well-being zone and ecological well-being potential were analyzed for 31 provinces of China from 2000 to 2015. The results show that: (1) There was significant difference among provinces about per capital ecological well-being and eco-economic efficiency during the study period. In some provinces, per capital ecological well-being was high while the eco-economic efficiency was low, and some provinces were on the contrary. (2) 31 provinces were divided into four groups by the differences in equity and efficiency of ecological well-being. The first group was for high efficiency-high well-being zones which first appeared in Hunan Province in 2015. The second group was for high efficiency-low well-being zones mainly distributed in the eastern and central provinces. The third group was for low efficiency-high well-being zones mainly distributed in the western provinces. And the fourth group was for low efficiency-low well-being zones scattering in Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Hainan provinces in 2015. (3) There was a spatial negative correlation between relative well-being and relative efficiency through bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis, the high-low clusters were mainly located in the western inlands and the low-high groups mainly in the eastern coastal provinces.