Abstract: The voluntariness of households to take part in the eco-compensation programs will largely affect the outputs of these programs. The factors influencing the household voluntariness to take part in two eco-compensation programs, i. e. the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) and Public Benefit Forest Compensation Program (PBFC) were studied. The study is based on a 615-households interview with questionnaires in Pingbian and Xichou, Yunnan Province. The results of the study show that household motivation and program attractiveness are vital for household voluntariness. In the SLCP, 84. 4% of households voluntarily took part in the program while 15. 6% of households were not voluntary. The positive factors to influence household voluntariness in the SLCP are trust in neighbours and village leaders, experiences of off-farm jobs, compensation rate, expected policy outcome and understanding to the policy. Age and number of household labors are the negative factors. In the PBFC, 36% of households were voluntary to take part in the program while 64% of households were not voluntary. The positive factors to influence household voluntariness in the PBFC are trust in neighbours and village leaders, compensation rate, expected policy outcome, understanding to the policy. This study implies that SLCP and PBFC could be better implemented with preferable outcomes if policy advocacy is enhanced, compensation rate is raised appropriately, and non-farm job opportunities are created.