Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can convert the chemical energy of organic or inorganic materials into electricity, which can provide electricity while conducting pollution remediation. MFCs has a great prospect in pollution remediation and bio-production of electricity. A systematic review of the researches and the applications of microbial fuel cell in environmental pollution remediation has been carried out. The review covers the areas of heavy metal pollution, organic pollution and inorganic pollution of non heavy metals. The influencing factors of microbial fuel cell, such as electrode material, size, spacing, arrangement way, soil property had been analyzed. The application prospects and shortcomings of microbial fuel cell had also been stated.