Abstract: The spatial heterogeneity in the supply and demand of ecosystem services can lead to the unequilibrium in regional development. Based on the data of land use and nighttime light, taking the districts and counties in Anhui Province as the research units, the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services in Anhui Province were revealed, and the types of management and control of each district and county were divided, and various types of national spatial development strategies were proposed. The results show that:(1) There are significant differences in land use types in various regions of Anhui Province, and the value of ecosystem service is in a state of high in the south and low in the north. (2) There is a significant difference in demand for ecosystem services among the districts and counties in Anhui Province. The demand for ecosystem services is high along the Yangtze River, middle Anhui and northern Anhui, while the demand in the western and southern regions of Anhui Province is relatively low. (3) The regional differences in supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services in Anhui Province are significant. (4) Based on the analysis of ecosystem service supply and demand, various districts and counties in Anhui Province are divided into four types of management and control:ecological coordination type, ecological control type, ecological rebuilding type, and ecological conservation type. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the allocation of ecological land and regional land resources planning in Anhui Province in the future.