Abstract: A long-term stationary field experiment was carried out to study effect of zero-tillage (ZT) and/or cultivation of green manure crops (CGMC) on composition and diversity of soil microbial community. Results show that ZT affected soil microbes less significantly than CGMC did; ZT plus CGMC was significantly higher than ZT and CT (conventional tillage) and the former had a ratio of copy numbers of bacteria and fungi being 2.51×10³. Bacteria in the soils varied somewhat in relative population and composition relative to treatment, but remained to be dominated by with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria and almost the same in diversity of soil microbial community (Shannon index and Simpson index) abundance (ACE and Chao 1) in all the treatments. Correlation analysis shows that to a certain extent, soil structure, contents of soil nutrients and soil pH determine soil microbial composition.