Abstract: Biodiversity is one of the conditions essential to mankind for survival. Mammal among the biodiversity plays as a taxon of key indicator in biodiversity conservation and environment evaluation because of its species diversity, wide distribution and sensitive to changes in habitat. However, mammals in China have been under serious threat, as a result of degradation or loss of the habitats, excessive exploitation of the natural resources, environmental pollution and other various factors. Facing the continuous decline of mammalian communities and populations, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC has unfolded construction of the China Biodiversity Observation Network for Mammals (referred to as China BON-Mammals), to monitor living conditions, population dynamics and endangerment of the mammals in China. Focus targets and key contents of the construction and infrared camera observation technologies and approaches to selection of sample plots adopted in the China BON-Mammals have been introduced. Problems existing in the China BON-Mammals and possible solutions have been discussed. Suggestions to further improve the China BON-Mammals and its informatized data platform are brought forth, so as to provide basic data for conservation, management and exploitation of the biodiversity in China.