Abstract: The Miseq molecular technology was used to explore difference between 4 varieties of Carya illinoensis ("BN"、"MH"、"XXN" and "WSD") in community structure and diversity of soil bacteria in rhizosphere. It was found that the 4 varieties did not vary much in community structure and diversity of soil bacteria in rhizosphere at the phylum and genus levels or in α-diversity index. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadete were dominant phyla. Pseudomonas (1%) and Chitinophagaceae (5%) were quite high in mean abundance in the rhizosphere of all the four varieties of Carya illinoensis, which might be attributed to the chemotaxis of juglone. This study has tentatively elaborated community structure and diversity of the soil bacteria in rhizosphere of the Carya illinoensis trees and may serve as theoretical basis for future studies on rhizosphere effect of Carya illinoensis.