Abstract: Satoyama Initiative is a campaign launched in Japan, emphasizing positive efforts of human activities on natural environment and asserting effective management of the countryside as a "socio-ecological-production landscape", to realize the wish of developing the countryside into a "human and nature symbiotic system". Throuh site-specific implementation of the "Satoyama Initiative", rural villages in Japan have not only energized their traditional agriculture, but also effectively protected their rural secondary natural environments and activated agricultural multi-functionality, which has set up a good example for other countries to follow in rural development. In view of the specific domestic conditions in China, it is advisable to implement appropriate intervention of rural development so as to actively develop environment-friendly agriculture and construct rural ecological industry systems on one hand and to strengthen protection of the nature and culture in the rural areas simultaneously and build up rural eco-civilization systems on the other. Meanwhile, through promotion of participation of all walks of life of the society and urban-rural integration, new communities or co-management systems are to be built up to promote jointly sustainable development of the agriculture and the rural areas.