Variation of Landscape Pattern and Its Influences on Ecosystem Service in Value in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section)
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摘要: 以具有重要生态地理位置的三峡库区（重庆段）为研究区，结合2000-2015年Landsat TM数据，运用统计和网络分析法，从时空角度研究景观格局和生态系统服务价值的变化及其两者间的相互关系。结果表明，整体而言，研究区耕地和林地所占比例较大，草地、水域、建设用地和其他用地所占比例较小，建设用地面积增加最快；从时间上看，2000-2015年斑块密度、最大斑块面积指数呈先减少后增加的趋势，聚集度最大值和香农多样性指数最小值出现在2010年；2000-2015年生态服务价值总量先增加后减少，2010年达最大；从空间上看，景观破碎度逐渐从库区东北、东南向各区县建成区及主城区转移，东北与东南地区的景观完整性逐渐提高；生态系统服务价值低值区集中于各区县建成区，主城区生态服务价值最低，长江流域西侧的生态服务价值低于东侧。合理的景观格局对提高该区域的生态系统服务价值具有重要意义。Abstract: The Chongqing Section of the Three-Gorge Reservoir Area with important eco-geographical significance was hence selected as subject of study. The method of statistics and network analysis was applied with the Landsat TM Remote Sensing Data of the region dated from 2000 to 2015 to study variation of the landscape pattern and ecosystem service value from the spatio-temporal aspect and their relationship. Results show:(1) On the whole, cultivated land and forest land still accounted for a large portion, while the other fractions of landscape, like grassland, water surface and construction land, only for small portions, separately. However, the fraction of construction land expanded the fastest; (2) Temporally speaking, during the period from 2000 to 2015 the indices of patch density and largest patch area decreased first and came backwards, and the maximum value of Landscape aggregation index and the minimum value of Shanon's diversity index appeared in 2010; and the total ecosystem service value exhibited a rising and then falling trend, and peaked in 2010; (3) Spatially speaking, the center of landscape fragmentation shifted gradually from the northeast and southeast of the region to well-built areas of the districts and counties and the main urban zone and the index of landscape integrity gradually increased in the northeast and southeast; The areas low in ecosystem service value were concentrated in the well-built areas, and the main urban zone was the lowest and the area on the west of the Yangtze River was lower than that on the east. All the findings demonstrate that a reasonable landscape pattern is of great significance to increasing ecosystem service value of a place like the Three-Gorge Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section).
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