Abstract: In-situ monitoring of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from rice fields was performed with the technique of static-chamber and gas chromatography in the Taihu Lake Region to investigate effects of incorporation of straw and microbial decomposing inoculants on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from paddy fields. In the experiment, five treatments, i. e. no nitrogen applied (NN), farmer's practice (FP), even incorporation of wheat straw (S), incorporation of wheat straw treated with Jinkuizi inoculant (SJ), and incorporation of wheat straw treated with Ningliang inoculant (SN), were laid and carried out. Results show that Treatment S, Treatment SN and Treatment NJ advanced the occurrence of peak CH₄ emission, but did not affect much the seasonal emission trend of N₂O; and the total emission of CH₄ in Treatment SN and SJ during the rice growing season was 363 and 388 kg·hm^-2 and the total emission of N₂O was 0.18 and 0.20 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Relative to Treatment S, Treatments SN and SJ increased the total CH₄ emission during rice growing season by 2.5% and 9.6% and decreased the total N₂O emission by 33.3% and 25.9%, respectively. However, relative to Treatment S, Treatment SJ increased rice yield by 7.5% and Treatment SN by 11.1%, and Treatment SJ decreased greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 5.1% and Treatment SN by 1.7%. All the findings of this study may provide certain scientific basis for evaluating the effect incorporation of straw and decomposing inoculants on CH₄ and N₂O emissions in paddy fields.